![]() ![]() In this case, we employ ledger lines to write those notes as shown in the example above. For instance, several notes of the staff can be continued above or below the bass staff. Note that as many ledger lines can be used as are required on the staff. That is the general function of a ledger line in staff music notation as said earlier. Leger lines are used whenever the note is too high or too low to be written on the bass staff. You can see it clearly in the example we have in the diagram above. We basically use the ledger line to notate musical notes with the pitch above or below the regular musical staff.Ī ledger line is a little line above the bass clef on which the middle C is written. Particularly, the first space is A, the second space is C, the third space is E, and the fifth space is G.Ī ledger line is a short line added below or above the regular musical staff in musical notation. So, from the bottom to the top, the letter names of the spaces in the F clef are A-C-E-G. Likewise, the spaces are also reckoned from the bottom to the top as indicated in the diagram above. Specifically, the first line is G, the second line is B, the third line is D, the fourth line is F, and the fifth line is A. So, from the bottom of the staff lines, the letter names of the line in the Bass clef are G-B-D-F-A. The lines and spaces of the clef have names and are counted upwards as 1-2-3-4-5 for the lines and 1-2-3-4 for the spaces. ![]() These names are derived from the same musical alphabet A-B-C-D-E-F-G.Īs shown in the diagram above, the Bass staff consists of five horizontal (parallel) lines and four spaces. Of course, the lines and spaces of the F clef have names just like the Treble clef. Remember that the clef is the first musical symbol at the beginning of every music staff.Ĭlef is indeed important because it establishes the pitch of the staff and lets us know the name of the note on each line or space of the staff. The bass clef notes correspond to the alphabetical names of lines and spaces in the bass staff. Without any further ado let go straight to our discussion about bass clef and let us start with what the clef is. ![]() We will also discuss how to draw a bass clef. Moreover, we will look into bass clef notes and see where each note stands on the bass clef. Our focus in this article is on the bass clef and we will definitely discuss what the bass clef is. Specifically, the treble clef is for high-pitched music while the bass is used for lower-pitched music. But both treble and bass clefs are the most popular clefs that we have and they form the basis of the grand staff. The bass clef and the treble clef are the two major clefs that are commonly used in staff music notation.Īctually, we still have other types of clefs like C clefs and Percussion clefs. It also helps us to know which note to play and how high or low the note is. Clef is placed on the musical staff to establish the names of each line and space. Primarily, staff music is built on five horizontal lines and five spaces known as the music staff (or stave) to define the notes’ name and their pitch. The bass clef is one of the most important symbols used in staff music notation to make writing and reading of music easy for musicians.īasically, to learn about staff music notation, and develop our ability to write and read staff music properly, learning about musical clef is really important. How to Read The Lower Ledger Lines on G Clef?.How to Read The Upper Ledger Lines on F Clef?. ![]()
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![]() ![]() By No machine-readable author provided.A lattice can also be used to completely screen an outdoor porch so that the area inside becomes more private. The lattice is best hung on hinges here so that there is access to the area below the porch. It will allow air circulation below the porch so that area remains dry and not subject to mildew or rot. Lattice is also quite often used as part of a railing or as a fence to hide the areas below a porch. How to Build Custom Window Screens with Wooden FramesĪ lattice can also be used to hide mechanical equipment installed in the house, while still allowing the necessary ventilation.5 Home Theater Secrets That Will Turn Your Den into a Cinema.How Do You Make a Seasonal Screen Porch From an Existing Porch?.You would find many ancient monuments that have such lattice screens made of marble and other stone. These are more long lasting and may not need any painting. Lattice screens are also nowadays available made of vinyl. If you fancy making your own lattice, you would need to cut slats of the required width from a material that you have chosen. Because of the nature of its construction painting or staining at a later date may be more of a problem. You can buy ready-made lattice fencing at stores that stock such materials and it is better if you complete any painting or staining work on the fence before you install it. ![]() Materials normally used to make a lattice for screens and fences are generally cedar, redwood or birch. Once the posts have been installed, the lattice screen boards can be screwed on to the posts to complete your using lattice as a fence. The posts that you use should be pressure treated with creosote to ensure that they are properly seasoned and also have some resistance to termites. The posts need to be of the height that you want for your lattice fence, plus the additional height needed to secure the posts in the soil/concrete so that you have a firm basis for your lattice fence. You would need to put up posts at regular intervals to support the latticework. You can also use lattice additionally as a fence and can do away with any brick and mortar structure.
![]() And I just showed you how I can depict it on a number line, by actuallyįilling in the endpoints and there's multiple ways to talk about this interval mathematically. And when you include the endpoints, this is called a closed interval. Negative three and two are part of this interval. So this right over here, I'mįilling negative three and two in, which means that ![]() ![]() Negative three and two, then I would fill them in. Negative three and two, or maybe I'm just including one of them. Am I including negative three and two, or am I not including I care about all the numbersįrom negative three to two. Let's say I wanted to talkĪbout the interval on the number line that goes from That we can show an interval, or interval notation. To do in this video is get familiar with the notion of an interval, and also think about ways If the boundary expressions do both things, we use both notations. We have a square bracket after -1 because -1 IS included in the interval. We have a parenthesis in front of -4 because -4 is NOT included in the interval. In this case we mix the parenthesis and the square bracket. In the third example (the one you are citing), the one boundary expression includes "equal to" and one does not ( x is greater than -4 and x is less than or equal to -1). When the boundary does NOT includes the number (greater than or less than, but not equal to), we use parentheses to notate the interval. When Sal shows the notation for the second interval (pink writing), the boundary expressions do NOT include "equal to" ( x is greater than -1 and x is less than 4). When the boundary includes the number (equal to), we use the square brackets to notate the interval. If you go back and watch Sal show the notation of the first interval (blue writing), both boundary expressions include "equal to" ( x is greater than or equal to -3 and x is less than or equal to 2). Keep in mind that this is a type of mathematical notation and not Grammar of any language that uses this type of punctuation. In Interval Notation, you actually can have a parenthesis on one side and a bracket on the other and have the notation be correct. If this was not true, we would say A ⊄ B meaning A is not a subset of B.This is actually a pretty good question and it's good to see that you ate paying attention. When we have two or more sets, we can look at how they are the same or how they differ in lots of different ways.įor example, if set A completely fits into set B, we can say that A ⊂ B. This contains everything we are interested in and has the symbol '∪', ∪ or \(\upvarepsilon\) (sometimes other symbols are used too). This set could also be defined by us saying:įinally, there is one more important set – the universal set. This is read as 'Z is a set of the factors of 18'. We can also use notation to create our sets: We can define our own sets and choose any letter we want to represent them: N is the set of counting or natural numbers: Sets are named using capital letters with some sets having a predefined name. ![]() Objects placed within the brackets are called the elements of a set, and do not have to be in any specific order. Set notation uses curly brackets which are sometimes referred to as braces. Set notation is used in mathematics to essentially list numbers, objects or outcomes. ![]() ![]() It is designed to ensure an absolute, fast, tough and satisfying driving experience, imbued with that dizzying feeling that is the essence of the arcade racing genre”. Show the gods what you can do!” Redout of 34BigThings it is “a tribute to the sacred monsters of racing. Jotun puts you in the shoes of Torah, a Viking warrior who, after dying ingloriously, must prove to the gods that she worth entering Valhalla. 5 Gorgeous Norse myth themed action adventure Jotun comes to Switch next week A. Jotun is instead “a hand-drawn action and exploration game inspired by Norse mythology. Prey and Jotun: Valhalla Edition are next week's free Epic Store games Terraforming Mars free until then. But it went terribly wrong,” is his description. Dopo una settimana poco ricca di interesse da parte della community per via dellultimo regalo, Epic Games Store offre gratuitamente a partire da oggi tre ottimi giochi per PC. It's a unique-looking, hand-drawn adventure where you explore a. You are the main target of an experiment that aims to change humanity forever. This time around, Epic Games Store users can mosey on over and download Jotun: Valhalla Edition for the low, low price of free. One of the next free games from Epic Games is a grand Viking adventure. ![]() “In Prey, you wake up aboard Talos I, a space station orbiting the moon in the year 2032. Jotun: Valhalla Edition news, release date, guides, system requirements, and more. I finally found them after a bit of digging : C:Users usernameAppDataLocalLowThunder Lotus GamesJotun. ![]() While it’s not the first time in the Epic Games Store giveaway, Prey is a big hit, from the masters of immersive sim (one of the creators started Weird West this year, in a similar vein). Hello I was wondering where saves are located on Windows Showing 1 - 3 of 3 comments. Instead, they will be available until May 19th Prey from Arkane Studios and Jotun: Valhalla Edition as announced last week and, surprisingly, the Italian Redout: Enhanced Edition. ![]() ![]() ![]() He is co-president of the school’s chapters of the National Honor Society and Health Occupation Students of America (HOSA). Thomas is graduating from West Fargo High School in West Fargo, North Dakota. Tatum is attending Minnesota State University – Mankato for nursing. ![]() She is a certified nursing assistant and enjoys working with patients at a care center. She played volleyball and softball and has been a volunteer coach for youth softball. She participates in many community services through the MN Honor Society and her church, including serving as a Sunday school teacher for four years. She is president of the Student Senate and Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD). Tatum is graduating from Chatfield High School in Chatfield, Minnesota. Kathrine is attending Minnesota State University Moorhead for elementary education.ĭaughter of Scott Turner, General Manager of Rental Fleet – Rochester, MN She holds a Seal of Biliteracy in Spanish. She is passionate about communication and language, particularly regarding creating safe and effective learning environments for students and their parents. She is a leader and mentor through her church and teaches Tae Kwon Do to children. ![]() She is a member of the Honor Society and Drama Club, where she served as vice president, led fundraiser events and choreographed dance numbers. Katherine is graduating from West Fargo High School in West Fargo, North Dakota. John is attending Minnesota State Community and Technical College for electrical technology.ĭaughter of Kristi Sikorski, Senior Accounting & Business Process Analyst – Fargo, ND Determined to overcome, he committed to several forms of therapy and, in just two years, made incredible progress, proving to himself that anything is possible. John suffered a traumatic brain injury playing hockey and was told he would suffer many symptoms for the rest of his life. He has been a leader on sports teams throughout his academic career and was among the youngest students in the school to make varsity and letter five times in athletics. ![]() John is graduating from West Fargo High School in West Fargo, North Dakota. Son of Kristi Sikorski, Senior Accounting & Business Process Analyst – Fargo, ND John is attending North Dakota State University for education. He is passionate about making the world better by positively influencing others at every opportunity, large or small. He is an Honor Society member and is involved in the SHAPE student organization. He was involved in Skills USA, leading a team of skilled carpenters to a state title. There, he was a two-year captain on the football and track teams. John is graduating from Davies High School in Fargo, North Dakota. Son of Jaime O’Neill, Change Management Program Manager – Fargo, ND She discovered a passion for physical therapy and how it can change lives while working as a sports athletic trainer in high school.Īnnabelle is attending California Baptist University for physical therapy. She was a peer tutor and is involved in numerous community service projects while working part-time as a lifeguard and swim instructor at YMCA. She was active in tennis, basketball and volleyball and was named varsity tennis team captain. Learn more about the scholarship recipients for the 2022-2023 academic year.ĭaughter of Paul Suquett, Account Manager – Riverside, CAĪnnabelle is graduating from Aquinas High School in San Bernadino, California. Committee members say they faced a tall task in narrowing down this year’s thoroughly strong pool of applicants, stating that the impressive submissions are a testament to the team members of RDO. Recipients are selected by an independent scholarship committee, evaluating applicants based on the attributes exemplified by Steve and Mark. Six high school seniors receive Connelly/Kreps Scholarships after demonstrating hard work and an entrepreneurial spirit through activities and jobs and a commitment to serving and leading others.Įstablished by the Offutt Family Foundation to honor the memories of late RDO leaders Steve Connelly and Mark Kreps, the memorial scholarship is awarded to children of RDO Equipment Co. ![]() ![]() ![]() Premium Family includes all the features of Premium Ultra, with the added benefit of being shareable with up to five family members via Apple’s Family Sharing service. Premium Ultra includes all the features of Premium, plus rain, lightning, and storm cell notifications (where available), a weather maps widget, and quick data source switching. Premium provides additional features like weather data sources, notifications, customization, widgets, and Apple Watch complications. ![]() Download her now!ĬARROT Weather uses auto-renewing subscriptions. Customization of the entire user interfaceĭon’t make CARROT angry. Weather maps with forecast radar, individual radar stations, and many different layers (where available) Apple Watch complications and background updates Notifications, including precipitation, weather alerts, and lightning strikes (where available) More weather data sources, including Apple Weather, AccuWeather, and Tomorrow.io Or use Augmented Reality Mode to bring CARROT right into your living room. Film your own TV-news-style weather report videos. Follow clues to track down 100+ secret locations. Your personal information, including your location data, will never be sold to third parties.Ĭomplete activities to strengthen your relationship with the homicidal A.I. And the easy-to-read details screens are just dripping with with meteorological goodness. Featured by The New York Times, Good Morning America, CNN, Wired, & more! **Ĭhoose one of five personalities for CARROT, from the straitlaced “professional” to the profanity-laden “overkill.” You’ll actually be looking forward to a torrential downpour just to see what your weather robot has in store for you!ĬARROT’s super accurate weather data gives you lightning-quick access to your current, hourly, and daily forecasts. ** Winner of Apple's App of the Year, Apple Design Award, and App Store Editors' Choice. CARROT Weather is a crazy-powerful (and privacy-conscious) weather app that delivers hilariously twisted forecasts. ![]() ![]() ![]() And each map has three runs that follow different paths with different enemies and different objectives, including hurling as many still-functional robots into a capture zone as you can within a time limit, so there’s a fair amount of variety to be had. ![]() Relative to battling through the streets, teleporting between skyscraper rooftops means you’re dealing with a lot more elevation changes and seeing opportunities like hurling robots off the edge or blasting them out of the air as they leap across the gaps. The locations of its three maps are fairly distinct from one another, and each feels different to get around. Since this is a VR-only game in 2017, it’s not exactly brimming with content, but what it has it makes excellent use of. Considering Robo Recall is an Oculus exclusive, it’s a little surprising that it didn’t try to avoid that hazard. The only workaround is to buy a third sensor to cover this angle. You’ll see an in-game warning that you need to turn around, and when you teleport it will attempt to point you back in the right direction, but it happened to me quite a bit. And because robots can attack from any angle, it’s quite easy to get turned around and find that spot. It does, however, highlight the Oculus’ main weakness: with the two-sensor configuration you get out of the box, there’s a significant blind spot behind you where your body occludes the sensors’ view of your hands. Bouncing around using the intuitive teleportation controls can be a little disorientating, but I got the hang of it before too long, especially thanks to the ability to determine which way you’ll face when you land. Though you can generally do alright by standing in place in each area and blasting away, you’re cleverly incentivized to keep on the move as you fight - not just by the prodding of your AI assistant when it sees you’ve sat in one place for too long or the shieldbearer robots who’re begging to be double-shotgunned in the back, but also by a scoring system that builds a multiplier by picking up chips left in the place where a bot was smashed to bits. Shooting for the legs can send bots tumbling. There’s just a hilarious range of options for trashing bots, and I usually work up a sweat doing it. ![]() ![]() Or, because Robo Recall dynamically adjust the speed of time as you come under attack, you can actually pluck incoming bullets or rockets out of the air and hurl them back at enemies. Hearing them lament, "Why do I have handles?" as you tear them apart always gets a chuckle out of me. You can grab two of them and slam them together, toss them in the air and juggle them with your guns, and certain enemy types can even be used as guns for a few shots. Pretty much every robot (except the ones who are bigger than you) can be grabbed with one hand and flung around like a rag doll, or ripped apart piece by piece as you use their limbs to bludgeon their friends and their torso to absorb incoming bullets before tossing it into a large industrial fan. Or, if that’s not your style, you can just use your hands. These exploding bugs are like cicadas, but not quite as annoying. The energy rifles, for instance, start firing slowly but rev up as you hold down the trigger until they’re spitting out several ricocheting blasts per second, which are handy for blowing through shields. There are plenty of weapons and upgrades to mess around with, and each behaves differently enough to feel useful in its own way. Not content with just two magically replenishing holsters, Robo Recall gives you two more over your shoulders where you can reach to grab your pre-configured shotguns or rifles – or, as Bruce Campbell might describe them while making a similar drawing action, your boomsticks. And there’s an even more over-the-top method of reloading that I won’t spoil. It’s a great alternative to having to fiddle with popping in new clips, because that might cramp your dual-wielding style, and it’s a move that feels like something out of a John Woo movie that’s completely given up on any sense of realism in favor of even more flying lead. In a decadent touch, when you’ve emptied your clip you simply release your grip on the controller to drop the gun and grab new ones that’ve appeared in your holster after a brief cooldown. ![]() ![]() ![]() Your interest rate will be in double digits and in some cases may be triple digits.Īll told, you can expect to pay 10% or more of your refund just to get a two-week loan. On top of the fees, you will need to pay interest for the loan. Lenders may also charge a number of other small fees. For example, getting your loan on a prepaid debit card could carry a fee of $30 while getting it on a check might have a $20 fee. There will be another fee that depends on how you receive your loan. If they are helping you file your taxes, you will need to pay the cost of filing (probably about $40). Lenders typically charge an application fee that can be as high as $100. Note that if you get a loan from a well-known tax filing service, you will likely pay less than if you go through a third-party lender. In some instances, they look eerily similar to payday loans – small, short-term loans with high interest rates. The biggest reason to avoid tax refund loans is that they are expensive. It also may not be a good idea if you suspect for some reason that you won't be able to pay back the loan in full (such as if the lender offers a loan worth slightly more than your refund, and you don't know if you'll be able to pay back the difference). If you are looking for a loan that lasts more than a couple of weeks, a tax refund loan is not the best choice for you. So if you claim those credits, and are filing early, you may have to wait longer than usual. For 2022, when you file your 2021 taxes, the IRS says that the earliest date you could expect get an EITC/ACTC refund will be the first week of March. Under federal law, the IRS cannot provide tax refunds right away for people who claim these credits. The people who most commonly receive tax refund loans are taxpayers who file early in the tax season and claim the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) or the Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC). While the IRS issues refunds typically within 21 days after getting your return (and can take over six weeks for paper returns), some lenders could get you the money faster, depending on your refund option. Or perhaps your emergency fund isn't quite big enough and you could really use the money from your tax refund. Maybe it's February and you have a major bill coming up. The most obvious reason to consider a tax refund loan is because you need money quickly and for the short-term. And if you want to pre-qualify as a candidate, you may need to provide your Social Security number, contact information, and the refund amount that you got for the previous tax year. You should keep in mind that some lenders may also review your credit history. Tax loan lenders will verify your identification, weigh your tax history with the IRS, and consider how much debt you owe. Your qualification depends largely on the amount of money that you will be refunded by the government. How to Qualify for a Tax Refund Loanīecause tax loans do not have as much risk as unsecured loans, credit score requirements are usually not as restrictive. The only other thing to keep in mind is that if your refund is smaller than your tax refund loan, you will still need to pay the loan back in full. At this point, your loan is repaid and you made it through tax season. Once the IRS processes your refund, it will go directly to the lender. Some lenders only offer one of those methods while others may offer multiple options. You may receive the loan on a prepaid card, on a check or as an electronic deposit in your bank account. The loan that you receive from a lender will have the value of your anticipated refund minus any fees or interest charges. Tax refund loans typically only last a couple of weeks – just long enough for the IRS to process your tax refund. ![]() Many tax filing services will also offer you a tax refund loan after you file with their service. This may require a little research on your part to make sure the lender is reputable. Lenders are often small financial institutions. It is a loan that a lender makes based on the amount of your federal income tax refund. A tax refund loan is officially known as a refund anticipation loan (RAL). ![]() ![]() ![]() Well-designed synthetic benchmarks are fine for testing a CPU or general system performance, as well as for developing a baseline for your GPU. Heaven is what we call a synthetic benchmark that attempts to simulate real-world processing loads. Now, what if your system shreds Heaven on high settings with scores above 60 fps? Then it’s time for more testing. But fear not, you can still get your game on with this selection of 31 great games you can play on laptops and low-end PCs. If your laptop gets less than 30 frames on low graphics settings and 720p resolution, then most AAA games will likely be unplayable on your laptop. ![]() IDGĪn example of a Heaven 4.0 benchmark score. If that still isn’t enough to yield good scores, then reduce the benchmark’s screen resolution as well (that is, unless Heaven adjusts it automatically). If your PC can’t hit those scores, then lower the graphics settings to medium or low and test again. Nevertheless, it’s challenging enough, it’s dead easy to set up, and it’s free.įor Heaven, a score close to or above 60 frames per second is best for discrete GPUs, and around 30 fps is good for most integrated graphics. Heaven won’t push a modern discrete GPU to the max, because it’s several generations behind the cutting-edge in terms of graphics. ![]() Benchmark your laptop gaming performance IDGįor gaming, let’s start with Heaven 4.0. You can download the official version from Steam by clicking the Download Demo button. But for most people, the resulting score under Essentials (which covers browsing and video conferencing) and Productivity (which covers editing spreadsheets and text documents) probably matters the most. PCMark also includes a section that uses a 3D ray-tracing modelling application. PCMark 10 is one of the most commonly used benchmarks to test system performance for general computing tasks, and we use it quite often at PCWorld for testing laptops. For that, try the PCMark 10 Basic test, which runs the laptop through open-source productivity applications such as Gimp or LibreOffice, among other tasks. PCMark 10 is a standard performance test for PCs.īeyond the Cinebench single-core CPU test, you’ll want to know how well a system specifically handles spreadsheets, web browsing, launching applications, photo editing, and video chat. There are also sites like CG Director and CPU-Monkey that list results from other users.īenchmark your laptop productivity performance IDG Cinebench has a ranking panel in the left rail that shows how one system compares to another, and includes your system’s score after the initial run. ![]() It’s a quick and easy test that takes about 10 minutes to run, and you’ll often find it mentioned in PCWorld CPU reviews. Benchmark your laptop CPU IDGĬinebench R23 for Windows after testing an Intel Core i3-7100U.įor benchmarking CPUs, Cinebench is a solid choice. That said, some benchmarks (such as Geekbench 5) do require an active Internet connection.įor all of the following benchmarks, a higher score is better. It’s also a good idea to shut off Wi-Fi and Bluetooth by putting the laptop into airplane mode, and unplug ethernet. You should also shut down as many background processes as possible to see what your system can truly do. These tests are also free, making them accessible to the widest possible audience.įor best results, keep your laptop plugged in for all but the battery test. Use this table to compare render performance and invest in your ideal GPU configuration.The benchmarks we suggest below are widely used, which makes it easier to find scores online for comparison purposes. In these tests, the only hardware variable was the GPU – all other computer hardware remained constant. This table illustrates the expected performance results you can achieve on the tested GPUs. To aid in your graphics card purchasing decisions, we’ve assembled the following table of render performance across commonly used NVIDIA GPUs with SOLIDWORKS Visualize. ![]() ![]() ![]() Meanwhile, many more have languished-but there’s no intrinsic grammar or linguistic reason that Italian is more of a language than Neapolitan. Some European Romance languages like Italian have risen to the top (based on what royals spoke, who’s had political power, etc.) and were then written down and taught in schools. There are also non-Romance languages in Italy, including some from the Slavic, Germanic and Albanian families. Most of the languages of Italy are Romance languages, meaning that they developed in parallel to Italian out of Common Latin (as did French, Spanish, Portuguese, etc.). ![]() ![]() However, there are enough grammar and vocabulary differences to cause plenty of problems in understanding. That is, they have the same root as languages descended from Latin, and some speakers could make themselves understood to each other in certain situations. Most linguists avoid the whole question, but when they do dare to distinguish the two, it’s usually concerning levels of mutual intelligibility, which is itself a fraught concept.Įven by that standard, the languages of Italy are definitely languages: A Sardinian speaker understands Friulian as much as and no more than a French speaker understands Spanish. “Dialect” is more of a political designation than a linguistic category: It’s used to show which languages (and therefore speakers) a government/society chooses to empower and how. So what’s the actual difference between a language and a dialect? There isn’t one, really. ![]() Italians’ use of the term “dialects” reinforces that these are not written down or taught, and are thus seen as somehow less than a “real language.” The difference between dialects and languages What Learners Should Know About the Many Languages of Italy If language is a window into a culture, then imagine how much more you’ll see from peering into a more homey, familial, unofficial and regional language. But it’s so much more interesting (and satisfying) to piece together the verb conjugations of Neapolitan, for example.ĭon’t believe me? Just try to conjugate the verb “to be” in Neapolitan as pillow talk-personally, I don’t think I’ve ever done anything more grammatically thrilling.Īnd then there’s the wisdom and enthusiasm one gets from speaking to people in an ultra-local language. There are tons of resources out there to hold your hand through everything from your first steps in standard Italian to advanced, dastardly grammar. One great reason is that they’re an incredibly fun challenge! So if Italians don’t respect their own languages enough to even call them languages, why should you, the non-Italian visitor, bother learning any of them? Italians usually-and rather erroneously, in the eyes of many linguists-refer to Neapolitan and the others as i dialetti (the dialects). That’s right, those are languages, not dialects. Italy is home to 28 indigenous languages (and six non-indigenous) according to the count by Ethnologue. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that youĬlick here to get a copy.
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